This paper presents the requirements for improved efficiency in all phases of engineering, maintenance, and operation, to support an increasing level of substation integration and protection.

This paper discusses the key driving factors behind smart grid momentum, the challenges facing utilities, and suggests how utilities should think about developing their comprehensive smart grid business cases.

This paper shows that bushings and tap changers are critical as the active part in terms of the root cause of failure. Action steps are described to prevent from failure and ensure electrical power reliability.

This paper outlines the need for the Power System Protection Systems (PSPS) also called System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS) and the resulting design requirements.

This paper discusses hybrid substation automation solutions, concentrating on the inclusion of alternate technologies. Evolutionary scenarios are used to highlight the conversion from alternate technologies to IEC 61850.